Abstract
Abstract Fossil bats are described from deposits of the Upper Freshwater Molasse of the Forsthart and Rembach sites in East Bavaria of South Germany (MN 4). The material comprises 13 fragments, representing at least six different species, all belonging to Vespertilionidae. A fossil form from Rembach, close to the Oriental clade of Hesperoptenus, represents the first and oldest fossil record of this clade in Europe. The assignment of bat records to extant Oriental clades Hesperoptenus and Submyotodon in Rembach, as well as different forms of Miostrellus in Forsthart indicate considerable diversity in Early Miocene vespertilionid bats, and have exciting palaeobiogeographic implications. Fossils are discussed in regards to taxonomic, stratigraphic and palaeoecological significance.
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