Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration aims at the construction of a deepsea neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea equipped with thousands of glass spheres, the so-called Digital Optical Modules, each of which contains 31 photomultipliers of small photocathode area. These devices will be used for the detection of the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles produced by the interaction of neutrinos with matter inside or in the vicinity of the KM3NeT detector. The signal acquired by each photomultiplier is sent to a Time to Digital Converter which is part of a Central Logic Board. The Time to Digital Converter resolution is 1 ns and the White Rabbit technology is used to guarantee time synchronization between the optical modules. Due to the large volume to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is important so different versions of the Central Logic Board have been designed. The newest version was designed also to also reduce the phase noise in the main clock, to improve the stability of the synchronization.
Highlights
KM3NET is a network of submarine neutrino observatories with detectors optimised to detect high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources and to investigate the neutrino oscillation mechanisms by detection of low-energy neutrinos produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere [1]
The KM3NeT collaboration aims at the construction of a deepsea neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea equipped with thousands of glass spheres, the so-called Digital Optical Modules, each of which contains 31 photomultipliers of small photocathode area
Inside the Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), the main electronics board is the Central Logic Board (CLB), which processes the data arriving from the PMTs, assigning the arrival time of the events and calculating the event duration by means of 31 Time to Digital Converters (TDCs)
Summary
KM3NET is a network of submarine neutrino observatories with detectors optimised to detect high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources and to investigate the neutrino oscillation mechanisms by detection of low-energy neutrinos produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere [1]. The main elements of KM3NeT are the photomultipliers (PMTs), housed inside pressure-resistant glass spheres called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) [2]. KM3NeT is formed by an array of multiple lines, the socalled Detection Units (DUs), formed by 18 DOMs. Inside the DOM, the main electronics board is the Central Logic Board (CLB), which processes the data arriving from the PMTs, assigning the arrival time of the events and calculating the event duration by means of 31 Time to Digital Converters (TDCs). The control of all the systems is done by means of two embedded microcontrollers, the LM32 This is an open source controller from Lattice, whose main features are the easy connectivity of the slave modules via the logic bus Wishbone, and the reduced need of resources inside the FPGA. In the figure 2 a picture of the CLB is shown
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