The neuroprotective effect of betanin nanoparticles on brain ischemia–reperfusion injury

Abstract

BackgroundBetanin is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound that has attracted the attention of researchers in a variety of diseases in recent years. Therefore, In the present study the effect of pretreatment of betanin nanoparticles (NB) in cerebral ischemia rats was investigated. MethodsOral administration of NB started five days before bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) induction and continued for three days thereafter in rats. The neurological disorder scores (NDS), brain swelling and edema were evaluated. After preparing brain homogenate, the intensity of oxidative stress, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, GSH content, the activities of mitochondrial enzymes SDH, MDH and LDH were studied. Also, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α cytokines were measured. The expression levels of NF-ĸB and pSTAT3 genes and proteins and ERK and TFEB proteins were also studied. ResultsNB showed strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in cerebral I/R rats and improved mitochondrial and antioxidant enzymes activities. Decreases in NDS, swelling and edema of the brain were also observed in the cerebral I/R rats receiving NB. Also, administration of NB decreased the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and upregulated the expressions of NF-KB and pSTAT3 genes and proteins and overexpressed ERK and TEFB proteins. ConclusionNB has neuroprotective effects in cerebral I/R condition due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties, which can be considered as a suitable treatment option in stroke conditions.