Abstract
Urban air pollution exposure has recently been linked to increased risk of several central nervous system diseases and conditions, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. The mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. The neuroinflammation hypothesis holds that the resident brain innate immune cells (microglia), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species responses drive the deleterious neuropathology linked to exposure to air pollution. Here, we will discuss several pathways through which air pollution may trigger neuroinflammation, including the Lung-Brain Axis, and the implications of aging and disease in these processes. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying how air pollution may activate microglia and deleteriously impact central nervous system health.
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