Abstract
According to the conflict monitoring hypothesis, conflict monitoring and inhibitory control in cognitive control mainly cause activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and control-related prefrontal cortex (PFC) in many cognitive tasks. However, the role of brain regions in the default mode network (DMN) in cognitive control during category induction tasks is unclear. To test the role of the ACC, PFC, and subregions of the DMN elicited by cognitive control during category induction, a modified category induction task was performed using simultaneous fMRI scanning. The results showed that the left middle frontal gyrus (BA9) and bilateral dorsal ACC/medial frontal gyrus (BA8/32) were sensitive to whether conflict information (with/without) appears, but not to the level of conflict. In addition, the bilateral ventral ACC (BA32), especially the right vACC, a part of the DMN, showed significant deactivation with an increase in cognitive effort depending on working memory. These findings not only offer further evidence for the important role of the dorsolateral PFC and dorsal ACC in cognitive control during categorization but also support the functional distinction of the dorsal/ventral ACC in the category induction task.
Highlights
Cognitive control is the ability to guide thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals (Miller and Cohen, 2001)
The study focused on the activation associated with cognitive control for incongruent features when forming a category during the process of categorization
Our fMRI data indicated that the left middle frontal gyrus (BA9) and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)/medial frontal gyrus (BA8/32) showed increased positive activity from Condition 1 (C1) to Condition 3 (C3), which is in accordance with our behavioral findings
Summary
Cognitive control is the ability to guide thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals (Miller and Cohen, 2001). Cognitive control is involved in many important mental processes such as attention, working memory (WM), decision-making, and planning (Nyberg, 2018; Chen, 2019). The conflict monitoring hypothesis assumes that the conflict monitoring system first evaluates current levels of conflict and passes this information to the centers responsible for control, triggering them to adjust the strength of their influence on processing (Botvinick et al, 2001, 2004). Conflict monitoring and control mainly involve the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The ACC monitors the occurrence of conflict information, whereas the PFC participates in inhibition control
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