The neighborhood effect of cognitive function on self-rated health: A population-based observational study

Abstract

This study investigates the interaction between the neighborhood effect of cognitive function on self-rated health among middle aged and older adults. Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (KLoSA) were analyzed. A total of 9,998 participants were selected for biennial follow-ups from 2006 to 2018 to estimate the probability of change in cognitive function according to individual, regional and dependent variables. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model and chi-square test were used. The odds ratio (OR) of underestimation, when an individual's cognitive function is lower than his/her regional average of cognitive function, was 1.173 times higher (95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.108–1.241, p-value: <.0001) compared to accurate, when an individual's cognitive function is equal to his/her regional average of cognitive function. The OR of individuals with low cognitive function in regions with low cognitive function levels had the highest probability of poor SRH (self-rated health) (OR: 3.525; 95 % CI: 3.182–3.905, p-value: <.0001) compared to individuals with high cognitive function in regions with high cognitive function levels. Findings speak of the importance of the neighborhood effect of cognitive function on self-rated health among Korean middle aged and older adults. Further research is needed to investigate the potential mediation of pleasurable mechanisms in the rapidly aging population of Korea.