Abstract
Naturally existing colored cotton was far from perfection due to having genetic factors for lower yield, poor fiber quality and monotonous color. These factors posed a challenge to colored cotton breeding and innovation. To identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fiber color along with understanding of correlation between fiber color and quality in colored cotton, a RIL and two F2 populations were generated from crosses among Zong128 (Brown fiber cotton) and two white fiber cotton lines which were then analyzed in four environments. Two stable and major QTLs (qLC-7-1, qFC-7-1) for fiber lint and fuzz color were detected accounting for 16.01%-59.85% of the phenotypic variation across multiple generations and environments. Meanwhile, some minor QTLs were also identified on chromosomes 5, 14, 21 and 24 providing low phenotypic variation (<5%) from only F2 populations, not from the RILs population. Especially, a multiple-effect locus for fiber color and quality has been detected between flanking markers NAU1043 and NAU3654 on chromosome 7 (A genome) over multiple environments. Of which, qLC-7-1, qFC-7-1 were responsible for positive effects and improved fiber color in offsprings. Meanwhile, the QTLs (qFL-7-1, qFU-7-1, qFF-7-1, qFE-7-1, and qFS-7-1) for fiber quality had negative effects and explained 2.19%-8.78% of the phenotypic variation. This multiple-effect locus for fiber color and quality may reveal the negative correlation between the two types of above traits, so paving the way towards cotton genetic improvement.
Highlights
Prevailing colored cotton is a “natural pigment fiber” that displays brown or green color [1] and is an environmental and health-friendly fiber because it does not require dying [2]
The average color of fiber lint and fuzz in the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was similar to those in the F2 populations of Zong128 × KucheT94-4, but both the lint and fuzz color in the F2 populations of Zong128 × Liao96-23-30 were lighter than that in the RIL and F2 of Zong128 × KucheT94-4 (S1 Table). These results indicated that the genotype of the parent with the white fiber determined the fiber color of the offspring
The lint color (LC) and fuzz color (FC) in the RIL population were not normally distributed, it could be analyzed by the quantitative trait loci (QTL) technique, which has been discussed in this paper
Summary
Prevailing colored cotton is a “natural pigment fiber” that displays brown or green color [1] and is an environmental and health-friendly fiber because it does not require dying [2]. Though many scientists had studied the inheritance of naturally occurring colored cotton, but mostly are on the aspect of fiber lint coloring only, while less reports have been presented regarding the combined genetic analyses with lint and fuzz as well. Shi et al [3] concluded that colored cotton fiber lint and fuzz are controlled by one pair of major genes incomplete in dominance on non-homologous chromosomes, respectively. It was indicated that fiber color had significant negative correlation with lint percentage, fiber length, uniformity, elongation and strength through the complete diallel-cross analysis among two brown cotton cultivars and three white cotton cultivars [9]. The lower concentrations of carbohydrates and cellulose decreased yield and quality in colored cotton than that in white cotton [5]
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