Abstract
Open pneumothorax is the complete, sudden collapse of the lung which inevitably occurs when an operation requires the wide opening of the chest wall, in the absence of adhesions between visceral and costal or diaphragmatic pleura, or when an attempt is made to drain the chest after the method employed in other parts of the body. The importance of preventing this physical phenomenon was fully realized by Dr. Matas more than twenty years ago, when, as one of the pioneers in the field of thoracic surgery in America, he had his assistant, Dr. Parham of New Orleans, excise a tumor of the chest wall with the help of a differential pressure apparatus, the Fell-O'Dwyer combination, as modified by Matas. Ever since that time, open pneumothorax has been a topic for discussion. Our association considered it, at the second annual meeting, in 1919, when the president's address, which dwelt on the
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