The need for adoption of improved technologies to address challenges in small-scale cassava processing in Ghana

Abstract

The cassava processing industry in Ghana is dominated by small-scale processors who contribute valuably in terms of processed products such as gari, cassava flour, and cassava dough, among others, and as a result play a major role in the postharvest food system of the country. Their activities depend mostly on traditional methods of processing which have limitations in relation to the quality and quantity of the processed cassava products. They also rely mostly on manual labour which can be slow, costly or unavailable. Mechanisation of key operations in cassava processing activities has been identified as a means of increasing production, reducing postharvest losses as well as saving time. This study sought to assess the need for adoption of interventions to address challenges encountered during processing of cassava into a local staple known as gari (roasted fermented cassava grits). Cassava processors in selected parts of Ashanti and Bono East regions of Ghana were involved in the study. Focus group discussions and semi-structured questionnaires were employed for data collection. Results show that the main technological interventions used by small-scale processors in gari production are the grating machine and screw press. It was, however, noted that other key areas that require interventions are peeling and roasting. All the processors interviewed use manual means for cassava peeling and it was identified as the operation that requires the highest number of persons (15-18 people), to peel about 5-6 tonnes of cassava using about 6-9 hours. The process of manual peeling was identified as the main source of postharvest loss during small-scale processing of gari, resulting in about 13.90 (±1.26) % loss of fresh cassava which can produce about 178 kg of gari (from 5-6 tonnes of cassava). An effective mechanical peeler is therefore identified as key to facilitate gari processing in terms of operation speed and eliminating the over-dependence on manual labour. Other important developed interventions like mechanical roasters and improved stoves are also recommended to enhance gari processing. Outcome from this study is useful to researchers, investors, processors, policy makers and other stakeholders on the specific aspects of the gari processing to focus on in terms of research and investment. Key words: Cassava processing, gari, peeling, drudgery, postharvest losses, mechanisation, manual labour