Abstract
ABSTRACT A review of the Nearctic—Neotropical migration system reveals that: (1) 90% of breeding land and fresh-water species in the sub-Arctic are migrants, 80% in southern Ontario, and 50–60% in Florida and Arizona. (2) Insectivorous Parulinae winter from 30°N to 10°S; seed-eating Emberizinae from 40° to 15°N; aerial feeding Tyrannidae and diurnal birds-of-prey trans-equatorially; and ducks from 50° to 5°N. (3) Co-occurrence of migrant species is facilitated by geographic and habitat allopatry, varying levels of ecological distinctness, sparse dispersal, and, sometimes, intraspecific spatial separation of sexes and age-groups. (4) Migrant—resident co-occurrence is facilitated by high proportions of the two belonging to different taxonomic and ecological groups and, within families, partial feeding zone and habitat segregation. All, however, draw on a common food pool. Too little is known about the winter food support base, differential habitat utilizations, species abundances, and biological needs, eith...
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