Abstract
Summary Urban soils are those that exist in or that are designed for the urban environment and that exhibit anthropeic characteristics. In many instances these characteristics present unfavorable conditions for plant growth. These conditions include: the loss of structure leading to compaction and its attendant decreased aeration, drainage, water- holding capacity and infiltration, and resistance to root penetration; interrupted organic matter cycling; and spatial and vertical variability which decreases their predictable nature. Our imperfect knowledge and expertise are challenged to modify or design them to meet the requirements of at least adequate plant (mainly tree) growth. Future effort requires more detailed soil specifications, greater sensitivity to environmental impact or sustainability by the use of soil substitutes, and more research on tree water utilization and rooting requirements.
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