Abstract
Machine translation can be viewed as a type of human translation, since the translating machine will merely follow rules provided by the human linguists now engaged in machine translation research; but it is more difficult than ordinary human translation, and the solution of the problem requires a careful analysis of the translation process and its relation to linguistic structure. The inadequacy of ineffective procedures can be shown by their lack of means of handling various phenomena known to exist in languages. Methods that can be discarded in this way include those of word-for-word substitution and word-for-word substitution plus doctoring, as well as other methods which use words as basic units. More advanced systems, which show promise of success on theoretical grounds, are those which recognize the various independently functioning grammatical units and structural strata of language. For such systems translation consists of a series of interstratal conversions, from morphemic to lexemic to sememic to semantic and from there through the strata of the target language, ending with strings of target-language graphemes.
Published Version
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