Abstract
A phase stability diagram of ruthenium-zirconium oxide (Ru-Sn-O) was constructed by a combination of ab initio density functional theory and thermodynamic calculations. Results suggest that the phase separation/segregation that has been reported in the literature for the RuO(2)-SnO(2) system is through a typical spinodal decomposition mechanism. Ru(0.45)Sn(0.55)O(2) films were prepared by thermal co-decomposition of precursors at 500 °C for varied duration. Quantitative phase analyses of the prepared films based on X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the spinodal nature of the phase separation. The present fundamental study provides a theoretical guideline for the phase and microstructure design of Ru-Sn-O based mixed oxides for electrocatalysis applications.
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