The Nature of Meta Cognition and its Revisory Usage in Learning Disorder

Abstract

Introduction Education experts always pay attention to Meta cognition, knowing the human cognitive processes and finding some ways in order to reinforce and improve these abilities. Education researchers and experts are broadly interested in the learners' type of knowledge level. The passive information receiving and its maintenance is not the learning index needed in the future. Now it is expected learners to think critically about what they heard or read and to consider the relationship between ides and being decided in the process. The concept of Meta cognition was first introduced by Flaven. He defines Meta cognition as any knowledge or action that its subject is cognition or regulating the cognition. Meta cognition differs from cognition. Cognition involves all the high mental processes such as , thinking , reasoning , creativity , intelligence , and other processes involved in information processing such as , information storage and retrieval accuracy .The above mentioned processes refer to an external content and subject, while Meta cognition is used for someone's knowledge in learning. The knowledge of human being from his or her cognitive system is the major emphasis in the Meta cognition. In this regard the learner tries to know his or her cognitive system, to decrease the ways of learning barriers ,to establish optimal methods of learning and to regulate all of the thinking stages in himself .Persons who have high power of Meta cognition , are careful about understanding the relations between the realities of issue ,and they consider their selected solutions . They analyse complex issues in the form of more detailed stages and by asking themselves they control directions of their thought. Different researches about the role of Meta cognition in different areas such as, problem solving are conducted. In the most of these researches is seen that qualified persons in Meta cognition are more successful than others. For example Kay observed that Meta cognition behaviours have an important role in problem solving, and concluded that the differences of people in problem solving can be attributed to their Meta cognitive differences. And these differences are less associated with the level of basic knowledge or even the selections of the solution's strategies. On the basis of learning transmission , Brown believes that since meta cognition knowledge is likely the base of learning matter , then acquiring such a knowledge means to being aware of rules and strategies ,and the objectives of issue lead people to correspond their cognitive abilities to new practice and topic in a more effective and relevant way. Meta cognition is referred to any behaviour, thought, or learner's action that he uses them through the learning process and its objective is helping acquisition, organizing knowledge and skill storage as well as facilitating of using them in the future. According to what mentioned, in order to consider the role of cognitive skills in learning process, this paper is designed. In this regard it first consider the concept of meta cognition and then it will consider the meta cognition based training pattern, the role of meta cognition skill in learning process as well as meta cognition role associated with teacher and learner.