The Nature of Environmental Degradation and Inter-Ethnic Conflict in Meru County, Kenya

Abstract

Environmental degradation continues to be one of the most serious challenges in achieving Kenya's Vision 2030 sustainable development goals. For instance, parts of Meru County where this study was done experience persistent conflict from environmental degradation and depletion of the natural resources, due to farming and livestock raring. The conflict pits the agriculturist Meru and other communities who are pastoralists. This study sought to examine the nature of environmental degradation and inter-ethnic conflict in Meru County, Kenya. This study employed phenomenological study research design using qualitative approach. The research instruments used were, interview guides and Focused Group Discussion guide (FDGs). The analysis of data was done thematically and presented as narrations and quoted verbatim. The study found that environmental degradation in Meru County is primarily driven by overgrazing, deforestation, and poor land management practices. These factors have led to soil erosion, water and pasture scarcity, and reduced agricultural productivity, which in turn escalate inter-ethnic conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. The analysis revealed that environmental degradation not only strains the already limited resources but also intensifies competition and disputes over land, pasture and water. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between environmental degradation and escalating inter-ethnic conflicts in Meru County. Effective strategies to mitigate these issues include enhancing community engagement, implementing robust environmental policies, promoting sustainable land use practices, and fostering conflict resolution mechanisms. Addressing environmental degradation is crucial for reducing inter-ethnic conflicts and promoting peace and sustainable development in the region. To address environmental degradation in Meru County, prioritize sustainable agriculture, reforestation, and waste management to combat erosion and pollution; engage the community in conservation efforts, strengthen policies against harmful activities, and integrate land use plans to balance conservation and development.; implement conflict resolution mechanisms and revive traditional practices to enhance resilience; and capacity building and advocacy are key to fostering sustainable practices and ensuring long-term environmental stewardship.