The nature of economic transformations in the transitioning countries ... Poland as a model

Abstract

After the end of World War II, Poland fell into the Soviet sphere of influence, the Communists took power, and Poland became known as the People's Republic of Poland. The new regime at that time did not take into account Polish interests, so the Poles resisted this regime and wanted to change it. Several years witnessed widespread protests that ended without radical solutions, except During this stage, Poland was able to establish independent social and political organizations that formed a current opposing the authority in popular Poland, and it had a major role in changing its fate in a peaceful way later, as power in popular Poland was forced after the changes that took place in the Soviet Union at the end of the eighties of the last century and The turmoil was renewed at the time and pressure escalated to negotiate with the opposition. These negotiations resulted in the victory of the opposition and the formation of the first non-communist Polish government led by Mazowiecki, and the name of the country was changed from the People's Republic of Poland to the Republic of Poland. After the political and economic separation from the communist bloc, Poland quickly began implementing an unprecedented reform plan known as the Economic Transformation Program. The aim of this program was to achieve economic stability, promote structural reforms, and put the country on the right path to transformation. Poland was able to implement its reform program in stages, and during the first stage it was able to achieve positive results that enabled it to join the European Union and benefit from the advantages offered by the Union to the countries joining it. The implementation of the economic transformation program had a major role in improving economic performance indicators in Poland, where high growth rates, increased foreign trade, the flow of foreign investments towards it, and reduced inflation and unemployment rates, as well as the privatization of public projects led to an increase in the contribution of the private sector to nearly two-thirds of the GDP Overall, the improvement of these economic indicators confirms the success of the economic transformation experience in Poland.