The nature and varieties of separatism in the modern world

Abstract

Currently, the entire world community is entering a new era, which is characterized by the emergence of numerous and widespread phenomena and challenges of world civilization, such as international terrorism, progressive nationalism, religious intolerance, as well as increasingly persistent political separatism. The disintegration of a number of political states in Asia, Africa and Europe, the destructive potential of disintegration of peoples that have existed for a long time within the framework of a single statehood, give grounds to believe that political separatism goes beyond the framework of not only national, but also regional security, acquiring an increasingly international aspect. These separatist movements use not only peaceful demonstrations in their arsenal, but violent forms such as uprisings also carry terrorist threats. Extremist acts in this context represent a form of realizing a separatist goal, acquiring more and more new forms and methods. Separate political, nationalist, religious organizations of a separatist orientation use violent methods to achieve their goals. Our era is an era of globalization of all aspects of social life, strengthening of interaction and mutual cooperation of different peoples, states, civilizations and cultures. But at the same time, it should be noted that at all times peoples exchanged material and spiritual values. Moreover, as mankind developed, this exchange intensified more and more. National sectors of the economy turned into international ones, trade, economic, cultural, social and political ties were strengthened. Separatism as a phenomenon is studied from various positions: both at the level of political science itself and at the trans-scientific level. An important task in this study is the analysis of the origins of separatism and the mechanisms of its emergence in various historical and geographical conditions.