Abstract
BackgroundHospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) are among the avoidable morbidity and mortality causes. This study aimed at investigating the rate of ICU-acquired infections (ICU-AIs) in Iran.MethodsFor the purpose of this multi-center study, the rate of ICU-AIs calculated based on the data collected through Iranian nosocomial infections surveillance system and hospital information system. The data expanded based on 12 months of the year (13,632 records in terms of “hospital-ward-month”), and then, the last observation carried forward method was used to replace the missing data.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age of 52,276 patients with HAIs in the ICUs was 47.37 (30.78) years. The overall rate of ICU-AIs was 96.61 per 1000 patients and 16.82 per 1000 patient-days in Iran’s hospitals. The three main HAIs in the general ICUs were ventilator-associated events (VAE), urinary tract infection (UTI), and pneumonia events & lower respiratory tract infection (PNEU & LRI) infections. The three main HAIs in the internal and surgical ICUs were VAE, UTI, and bloodstream infections/surgical site infections (BSI/SSI). The most prevalent HAIs were BSI, PNEU & LRI and eye, ear, nose, throat, or mouth (EENT) infections in the neonatal ICU and PNEU & LRI, VAE, and BSI in the PICU. Device, catheter, and ventilator-associated infections accounted for 60.96, 18.56, and 39.83% of ICU-AIs, respectively. The ventilator-associated infection rate was 26.29 per 1000 ventilator-days. Based on the Pabon Lasso model, the lowest rates of ICU-AIs (66.95 per 1000 patients and 15.19 patient-days) observed in zone III, the efficient area.ConclusionsHAIs are common in the internal ICU wards. In fact, VAE and ventilator-related infections are more prevalent in Iran. HAIs in the ICUs leads to an increased risk of ICU-related mortality. Therefore, to reduce ICU-AIs, the specific and trained personnel must be responsible for the use of the devices (catheter use and ventilators), avoid over use of catheterization when possible, and remove catheters earlier.
Highlights
IntroductionHospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) are among the avoidable causes of morbidity and mortality, which lead to increased hospital length of stay (LOS), associated costs, and multiple antibiotic resistance, especially in developing countries [1]
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) are among the avoidable causes of morbidity and mortality, which lead to increased hospital length of stay (LOS), associated costs, and multiple antibiotic resistance, especially in developing countries [1].These infections are usually acquired after hospitalization and manifest 48 h after admission to the hospital HAIs define as a infections acquired after admission and occur within 48–72 h after admission to the hospital or up to 6 weeks after discharge [2]
Based on the data collected from the 579 hospitals in Iran, the overall rate of ICU-acquired infections (ICU-AIs) was 96.61 per 1000 patients and 16.82 per 1000 patient-days
Summary
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) are among the avoidable causes of morbidity and mortality, which lead to increased hospital length of stay (LOS), associated costs, and multiple antibiotic resistance, especially in developing countries [1]. These infections are usually acquired after hospitalization and manifest 48 h after admission to the hospital HAIs define as a infections acquired after admission and occur within 48–72 h after admission to the hospital or up to 6 weeks after discharge [2]. This study aimed at investigating the rate of ICU-acquired infections (ICU-AIs) in Iran
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