The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey

Abstract

We present the deepest study to date of the Lya luminosity function (LF) in a blank field using blind integral field spectroscopy from MUSE. We constructed a sample of 604 Lya emitters (LAEs) across the redshift range 2.91 < z < 6.64 using automatic detection software in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. We calculate accurate total Lya fluxes capturing low surface brightness extended Lya emission now known to be a generic property of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We simulated realistic extended LAEs to characterise the selection function of our samples, and performed flux-recovery experiments to test and correct for bias in our determination of total Lya fluxes. We find an accurate completeness correction accounting for extended emission reveals a very steep faint-end slope of the LF, alpha, down to luminosities of log10 L erg s^-1< 41.5, applying both the 1/Vmax and maximum likelihood estimators. Splitting the sample into three broad redshift bins, we see the faint-end slope increasing from -2.03+1.42-inf at z ~ 3.44 to -2.86+0.76-inf at z ~ 5.48, however no strong evolution is seen between the 68% confidence regions in L*-alpha parameter space. Using the Lya line flux as a proxy for star formation activity, and integrating the observed LFs, we find that LAEs' contribution to the cosmic SFRD rises with redshift until it is comparable to that from continuum-selected samples by z ~ 6. This implies that LAEs may contribute more to the star-formation activity of the early Universe than previously thought - any additional interglactic medium correction would act to further boost the Lya luminosities. Finally, assuming fiducial values for the escape of Lya and LyC radiation, and the clumpiness of the IGM, we integrated the maximum likelihood LF at 5.00 < z < 6.64 and find we require only a small extrapolation beyond the data (< 1 dex in L) for LAEs alone to maintain an ionised IGM at z ~ 6.