Abstract
Ovarian hormones are: oestrogenic hormone, also known as follicular hormone or female sexual hormone or chemically oestradiol; yellow body hormone, progestin or, chemically, progesterone. Oestrogenic hormone is particularly involved in the first part of the oestrus period, and the yellow body hormone in the second part (pseudo-pregnancy) and in the gestation state; the third ovarian hormone, known as relaxin, was isolated from the yellow body. Oestrogens are responsible for the development of female secondary features. Together with progesterone it controls the most important female reproductive processes. The most biologically active of oestrogens is 17b-oestradiol. Oestradiol is produced by ovarian follicles, testicles, but also by some organs such as the liver, adrenal glands, mammary glands and the brain. Oestradiol activates two specific nuclear proteins, oestrogen receptors alpha (ER�) and oestrogen receptors beta (Er�). Oestrogen receptors alpha are predominant in the mammary gland, genital apparatus, bone, nervous and cardiovascular system. Oestrogen receptors beta are found in the uterus, monocytes, tissue macrophages, colon and lung epithelial cells, epithelial cells of the prostate. The main actions of oestradiol are: endometrial proliferation, effects on the vagina and the mammary gland; it also has a role in preventing osteoporosis and reducing cardiovascular risk. Oestradiol is primarily produced in the ovary (the follicle, yellow body), but small amounts are also formed in the testicles and the cortex of the adrenals. In pregnancy, oestrogen is mainly produced by the placenta. Approximately 98% of oestradiol is linked to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The level of oestradiol increases throughout the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in close dependence with the growth and development of the ovarian follicle. For the determination of oestradiol, we conducted a study of 64 people, of which 47 women (73.43% and 17 men (26.57%). The presence of oestrogen receptors alpha indicates an increased risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer is hormone dependent, 74% of cases are oestrogen-positive receptors, and 30% of cases are progesterone-positive receptors. The main reason for the development of hyperplasia is the increase in oestrogen levels.
Highlights
Ovarian hormones are: oestrogenic hormone, known as follicular hormone or female sexual hormone or chemically oestradiol; yellow body hormone, progestin or, chemically, progesterone
Evidence obtained through ovariectomy and transplantation experience clearly showed that the ovary produces an internal secretion responsible for the sexual development of the female; the results of experiments with ovarian extracts have not been conclusive until Allen and Doisy’s work in 1923
The test for oestradiol, the norm of which varies throughout the period, should be strictly granted on the day prescribed by the physician
Summary
ELENA MIHALCEANU1, ALINA MIHAELA CALIN2*, MIHAELA DEBITA2*, DRAGOS NEGRU3, GETA MITREA2*, IRINA NEGRU3 1Grigore T. The actions of the oestrogen hormone: the main actions of this female hormone are the following: it causes oestrus in animal that have not reached puberty and in ovariectomized adult animals or in normal adult animals during the non-oestrus period: as a result, uterine hypertrophy and proliferation of its glands, vaginal changes, The presence of large amounts of oestrogen hormones in the blood during pregnancy has always been a certain point of confusion in physiology, but Cohen’s and Marrian’s discovery that estriol is excreted in pregnant urine in a form conjugated to glycuronic acid has brought clarification This compound - estriol glycuronate is devoid of physiological action, but it is hydrolysed by the usual methods (acidification and heat) used to isolate urinary hormone, thereby releasing active estriol. Dramatic increases in oestradiol levels can occur in both males and females in germ cell tumours or different gonadal tumours [19, 20]
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