Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a major form of malignant bone tumor that typically occurs in young adults and children. The combination of aggressive surgical strategies and chemotherapy has led to improvements in survival time, although individuals with recurrent or metastatic conditions still have an extremely poor prognosis. This disappointing situation strongly indicates that testing novel, targeted therapeutic agents is imperative to prevent the progression of osteosarcoma and enhance patient survival time. Curcumin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in Curcuma longa, has been shown to have a wide variety of anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in many types of cancers including osteosarcoma. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule that can modulate intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, inflammation, and apoptosis. These signaling pathways include RANK/RANKL, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, apoptosis, autophagy, JAK/STAT, and HIF-1 pathways. Additionally, curcumin can regulate the expression of various types of microRNAs that are involved in osteosarcoma. Therefore, curcumin may be a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteosarcoma. This comprehensive review not only covers the use of curcumin in the treatment of osteosarcoma and its anti-cancer molecular mechanisms but also reveals the novel delivery strategies and combination therapies with the aim to improve the therapeutic effect of curcumin.
Highlights
As cells inside the bone start to divide uncontrollably, bone tumors grow and create a mass of abnormal tissue. ere are four major types of primary bone tumors including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs), multiple myeloma, and chondrosarcoma
It has been demonstrated that curcumin can inhibit Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expression through upregulating the expression of miR-33b-5p expression resulting in the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion
Masuelli et al reported that combinations of curcumin with resveratrol or Diallyl disulfide (DADS) can be more effective in inducing apoptosis than treatment with curcumin as a single therapeutic agent. ey mentioned that curcumin treatment of osteosarcoma alone or in combination
Summary
As cells inside the bone start to divide uncontrollably, bone tumors grow and create a mass of abnormal tissue. ere are four major types of primary bone tumors including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs), multiple myeloma, and chondrosarcoma. E anti-cancer effects of curcumin are associated with its ability to induce cell apoptosis and suppress inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy [13,14,15]. Anti-cancer effects of curcumin have been investigated in various types of cancers including breast, prostate, and colon cancer [16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Another outstanding effect of curcumin is its ability to heal bone defects caused by tumor invasion or surgery [23, 24]. The current delivery curcumin systems to enhance its bioavailability, solubility, and therapeutic potential are reviewed and discussed
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