Abstract
Abstract. The Lion Forest Garden was originally built in 1342, during Yuan Dynasty, and became one of the most famous gardens in Suzhou. In 2000, it was inscribed in the World Heritage List as an extensive property of the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. The Lion Forest Garden is famous for its stony artificial hills covering more than 4,000 square meters, which were continually built during Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasty. However, as a long time passed, stony artificial hills appear damaged showing stone cracking - which could be seen in many places-, gaping, weathering, water erosion, and subsidence. Besides, a new underground line will pass through the road west to the Garden. In 2018 and 2019, the Landscape Architecture Engineering Lab of the Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture collaborated with the Lion Forest Garden Administration on a research to define the strategy to monitor these stony artificial hills. Multiple technologies were used, such as 3D Scanning, Ultrasonic Testing, Side-Scan Sonar, sensors, and so forth. During the monitoring, some technologies worked well while others did not. The paper, based on the mentioned research, will discuss the strategy and technologies used in monitoring historical rockeries, describe the procedure, analyse the outcomes, and find out the reasons causing the unsuccess of some technologies.
Highlights
1.1 The Artificial Hills in Chinese GardenThe artificial hills have a very important position in Chinese garden, especially in the impressionistic landscape garden
The structure of stony artificial hills developed from a beam-wall structure to a cantilevered beam one, and to an arched structure invented by Ge Yuliang, a gardener from the middle Qing Dynasty
In 2000, the Lion Forest Garden and other four classical gardens in Suzhou were approved to be inscribed in the World Cultural Heritage List
Summary
The artificial hills have a very important position in Chinese garden, especially in the impressionistic landscape garden. In the past, ‘hill master’ and ‘hill craftsman’ were usually used to describe the garden designer, showing the importance of artificial hills in Chinese Garden. The artificial hills first appeared in Han Dynasty, and the art of hill-making had reached maturity in Song Dynasty with the masterpiece of the artificial hills in Genyue Royal Garden. Since they have continued to develop, especially the stony artificial hills, which have become more and more complicated in structure. The shape of the artificial hills has learnt more and more from landscape painting and painting theory
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