Abstract
The mechanical properties of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C–S–H) directly affect the performance of cement-based materials. C–S–H spans ranging from nanometers to micrometers, and has typical multi-scale characteristics which are outlined in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods for quantifying multi-scale mechanical properties of C–S–H are firstly highlighted. The C–S–H micromechanical properties obtained from nanoindentation are discussed in details including the comparison between the properties of C–S–H obtained cement hydration and chemical synthesis. The influence factors of the mechanical properties of C–S–H are then illustrated. The Ca/Si and incorporation of Al are considered to affect the mechanical properties by modifying the chemical composition and structure of C–S–H. The effects of other impurity phases inevitably mixed with C–S–H on its mechanical properties are also revealed. The multi-scale toughening strategy of C–S–H relies on its enhancement on the structural ordering and interface connection.
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