Abstract
Recent progress in the understanding and quantification of the surface effects occurring in M-type and mixed metal matrix cathodes is described. A new mechanism for the mode of emission enhancement in these cathodes is proposed based on chemical rather than physical effects. A correlation has been established between the formation of osmium/tungsten alloy and reduced effective work function. Using this result an improved dispenser cathode has been constructed with a work function 0.2 eV lower than conventional B-type emitters.
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