Abstract
It has been shown that reward motivation can facilitate proactive control, a cognitive control mode that is characterized of prior preparation and sustained holding of the goal-relevant information in working memory. However, it remains to be established the neural networks that may be involved in this promotion effect. In this study, participants underwent the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) that measures relative proactive control during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We employed independent component analysis to decompose multiple brain networks and identified the task related network. Results showed that the salience network (SN) was engaged in the AX-CPT protocol. Importantly, our data demonstrated that reward modulated the association between task engagement of SN and proactive control, whereby the positive correlation was particularly observed in the reward condition. Moreover, reward modulated task engagement of the SN in a proactive manner, which may contribute to the behavioral proactive performance. Overall, our data suggest the involvement of SN in the reward facilitation effect of proactive control.
Highlights
Cognitive control is defined as a set of processes that allow individuals to flexibly coordinate thoughts and behaviors in accordance with internal goals (Miller and Cohen, 2001)
The present study investigated the relationship among reward, task engagement of the salience network (SN), and proactive control
Consistent with previous studies (Locke and Braver, 2008; Jimura et al, 2010), our results demonstrated that reward motivation could enhance the proactive mode of cognitive control
Summary
Cognitive control is defined as a set of processes that allow individuals to flexibly coordinate thoughts and behaviors in accordance with internal goals (Miller and Cohen, 2001). It has been widely studied how cognitive control influences our behavior and daily life. Among these studies, a theoretical framework—the dual-mechanism of control (DMC) theory—postulates that there are two distinct cognitive modes in cognitive processing, namely, reactive control and proactive control (Braver et al, 2007; Braver, 2012). Task-relevant information (e.g., task instructions, goals, stimulus-response mapping) is processed in a transient manner (Braver, 2012). Proactive control is a sustained form of control, which can be engaged prior to the presentation of stimuli and can promote rapid and efficient responses (Jaspar et al, 2014; Chiew and Braver, 2016)
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