Abstract
Since the discovery two decades ago that transgenes are efficiently integrated into the genome of Physcomitrella patens by homologous recombination, this moss has been a premier model system to study evolutionary developmental biology questions, stem cell reprogramming, and the biology of nonvascular plants. P patens was the first non-seed plant to have its genome sequenced. With this level of genomic information, together with increasing molecular genetic tools, a large number of reverse genetic studies have propelled the use of this model system. A number of technological advances have recently opened the door to forward genetics as well as extremely efficient and precise genome editing in P patens Additionally, careful phylogenetic studies with increased resolution have suggested that P patens emerged from within Physcomitrium Thus, rather than Physcomitrella patens, the species should be named Physcomitrium patens Here we review these advances and describe the areas where P patens has had the most impact on plant biology.
Highlights
Development of P. patens as a Model SpeciesP. patens Gransden was established as a model species based on cultures derived from a single spore of a sample collected by H.L.K
Transient expression of RNA interference (RNAi) constructs in 7-d–old protonemata is a powerful approach to studying members of gene families (Vidali et al, 2007, 2009a) and essential genes (Augustine et al, 2008) involved in protonemal tissue development, genes required for polarized growth
Isolated mutants that were unable to form gametophores in an Took advantage of the ability of moss to form somatic hybrids; (Moody et al, effort to find genes involved in the transition from twocrossed two somatic hybrids to generate a mapping population 2018a) dimensional to three-dimensional growth and performed whole-genome sequencing on mutants derived from the cross
Summary
Development of P. patens as a Model SpeciesP. patens Gransden was established as a model species based on cultures derived from a single spore of a sample collected by H.L.K. The analysis of the most recent genome assembly (Figure 5) revealed that, contrary to most flowering plants, the distribution of genes and transposable elements (TE) is homogeneous along the P. patens chromosomes (Lang et al, 2018).
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