Abstract
The larvicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon winterianus, Eucalyptus citriodora, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis aromatic plants grown in Vietnam was evaluated on Aedes aegypti larvae. The EOs were hydro-distilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The mortality rates obtained from the bioassays were used to calculate the lethal concentrations (LC50) of the EOs by the probit analysis method. These essential oils exhibited toxicity to the larvae of Aedes aegypti. Results were obtained for Cymbopogon citratus (LC50 = 120.6 ppm), Cymbopogon winterianus (LC50 = 38.8 ppm), Eucalyptus citriodora (LC50 = 104.4 ppm), and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (LC50 = 33.7 ppm). The essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Cymbopogon winterianus were found to be the most efficient, and their respective values of LC50 were 33.7 ppm, 38.8 ppm. In conclusion, this research adds to the growing body of literature on natural larvicides from essential oils against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Highlights
Dengue is the most important vector-borne infectious disease in the world
Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon winterianus, Eucalyptus citriodora, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves were collected in several locations in Vietnam in July 2018 (Table 1)
The high percentage of citral (85.5 %), which is a mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, is in good agreement with previous studies [13,14,15]
Summary
Dengue is the most important vector-borne infectious disease in the world. It is estimated that more than 50 million infections occur and half a million individuals are hospitalized due to dengue hemorrhagic fever each year. While synthetic chemicals have successfully controlled Aedes mosquito populations, the tremendous increase in their use has led to insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors [4] and adverse effects on non-target organisms, including humans [5]. Developing safe and eco-friendly insecticides is important for public health. In this direction, plant essential oils (EOs) have been shown to be potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides against mosquito vectors [6,7]. Plant-based insecticides are considered environmentally safe and have no or little effects on non-target organisms, in addition to being locally available in many parts of the world affected by mosquito-borne diseases [8,9,10]. EOs containing mixtures of active components act on insects at different target sites or with different modes of action and might reduce resistance in mosquito populations [11]
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