Abstract
The monopole constraint effective potentials is calculated by numerical simulations both in the confined and in the Coulomb phase of U(1) lattice gauge theory. In the confined phase magnetic monopoles condense. This is indicated by the spontaneous breakdown of a Z 2 monopole field reflection symmetry. The effective potential then has two degenerate minima. In the Coulomb phase magnetic monopoles exist as stable particles. The reflection symmetry is unbroken and the effective potential has a single unique minimum.
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