Abstract
The MONET is a code for the computation of the 3D dose distribution for protons in water. For the lateral profile, MONET is based on the Molière theory of multiple Coulomb scattering. To take into account also the nuclear interactions, we add to this theory a Cauchy-Lorentz function, where the two parameters are obtained by a fit to a FLUKA simulation. We have implemented the Papoulis algorithm for the passage from the projected to a 2D lateral distribution. For the longitudinal profile, we have implemented a new calculation of the energy loss that is in good agreement with simulations. The inclusion of the straggling is based on the convolution of energy loss with a Gaussian function. In order to complete the longitudinal profile, also the nuclear contributions are included using a linear parametrization.The total dose profile is calculated in a 3D mesh by evaluating at each depth the 2D lateral distributions and by scaling them at the value of the energy deposition. We have compared MONET with FLUKA in two cases: a single Gaussian beam and a lateral scan. In both cases, we have obtained a good agreement for different energies of protons in water.
Highlights
In particle therapy, the most commonly used particles are protons and carbon ions
The most important advantages of 4He beams are a reduction of multiple Coulomb scattering and energy straggling compared to protons and less projectile fragmentation than Carbon ions
The necessary step for the application of 4He ions in cancer therapy is the development of new algorithms for Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) or extensions of existing versions
Summary
The most commonly used particles are protons and carbon ions. Helium beams have been rediscovered as a good compromise between protons and 12C ions [1]. From a physical and biological point of view, 4He ions seem to fill the gap between protons and 12C [2]. The most important advantages of 4He beams are a reduction of multiple Coulomb scattering and energy straggling compared to protons and less projectile fragmentation than Carbon ions. The necessary step for the application of 4He ions in cancer therapy is the development of new algorithms for TPS or extensions of existing versions. The extension of MONET code for the evaluation of deposited energy in case of 4He ions (MONETα) and the comparison with the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation are shown
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