The Molt-Inhibiting Hormone in the American Crayfish Procambarus clarkii: Its Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity

Abstract

The molt-inhibiting hormone of the American crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Prc-MIH), a 75-residue polypeptide containing three disulfide bridges, was synthesized by chemical ligation of two peptides, i.e., synthetic Prc-MIH(1–39) and Prc-MIH(40–75)-NH2, and by subsequent folding to form the native disulfide-containing peptide molecule. The synthetic peptide was comparable to the natural Prc-MIH in inhibiting ecdysteroid secretion by in vitro bioassay and shared features with the natural Prc-MIH in some biochemical analyses. These results indicate that the chemical ligation method can be used for the synthesis of Prc-MIH. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that synthetic Prc-MIH has hyperglycemic activity, although the activity was weaker than that of the authentic crustacean hyperglycemic hormone in the American crayfish. To examine the structural requirement of the Prc-MIH for eliciting biological activity, an antibody raised against the C-terminal region (residues 55–75) and two synthetic peptides, i.e., a core region (residues 1–54) containing three disulfide bridges and the C-terminal region, were utilized. It is suggested that Prc-MIH exerts its activities through coordination between the core region and the C-terminal region.