Abstract
The pestivirus classical swine fever virus (CSFV) represents one of the most important pathogens of swine. Its virulence is dependent on the RNase activity of the essential structural glycoprotein Erns that uses an amphipathic helix as a membrane anchor and forms homodimers via disulfide bonds employing cysteine 171. Dimerization is not necessary for CSFV viability but for its virulence. Mutant Erns proteins lacking cysteine 171 are still able to interact transiently as shown in crosslink experiments. Deletion analysis did not reveal the presence of a primary sequence-defined contact surface essential for dimerization, but indicated a general importance of an intact ectodomain for efficient establishment of dimers. Pseudoreverted viruses reisolated in earlier experiments from pigs with mutations Cys171Ser/Ser209Cys exhibited partially restored virulence and restoration of the ability to form Erns homodimers. Dimer formation was also observed for experimentally mutated proteins, in which other amino acids at different positions of the membrane anchor region of Erns were replaced by cysteine. However, with one exception of two very closely located residues, the formation of disulfide-linked dimers was only observed for cysteine residues located at the same position of the helix.
Highlights
Members of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae belong to the most economically important viruses of livestock
Upon deletion or exchange of C171, dimers could no longer be detected via nonreduc or blue native gel electrophoresis (BNE) [40] that would allow detection
We have shown that the latter function depends on the intrinsic RNase activity of this protein [18,25,35]
Summary
Members of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae belong to the most economically important viruses of livestock. The genus Pestivirus originally encompassed only four species, two types of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Border disease virus (BDV) of sheep. A significant number of further genus members were identified in pigs and a variety of new host species [3,4]. The most obvious difference between the members of the two genera at the genome level is the presence of two additional protein-coding regions in the pestivirus ORF [6]. These pestivirus-specific sequences code for the non-structural protein
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