Abstract
Alginates are comprised of mannuronic (M) and guluronic acid (G) and have been shown to inhibit enzyme activity. Pancreatic lipase is important in dietary triacylglycerol breakdown; reducing pancreatic lipase activity would reduce triacylglycerol breakdown resulting in lower amounts being absorbed by the body.Lipase activity in the presence of biopolymers was assessed by enzymatic assay using natural and synthetic substrates. Alginate inhibited pancreatic lipase by a maximum of 72.2% (±4.1) with synthetic substrate (DGGR) and 58.0% (±9.7) with natural substrate. High-G alginates from Laminaria hyperborea seaweed inhibited pancreatic lipase to a significantly higher degree than High-M alginates from Lessonia nigrescens, showing that inhibition was related to alginate structure.High-G alginates are effective inhibitors of pancreatic lipase and are used in the food industry at low levels. They could be included at higher levels in foods without altering organoleptic qualities, potentially reduce the uptake of dietary triacylglycerol aiding in weight management.
Highlights
In the western world, dietary fats can account for 40% of energy intake, with triacylglycerol (TAG) being the major component (Mu & Høy, 2004)
Using Di-o-lauryl-rac-glycero-3-(glutaric acid 6-methyl resorufin ester) (DGGR) as a substrate, the activity of lipase could be measured by the increase in absorbance (Panteghini et al, 2001)
The alginates extracted from Laminaria hyperborea seaweed inhibited pancreatic lipase to a significantly higher degree than the alginates extracted from Lessonia nigrescens
Summary
Dietary fats can account for 40% of energy intake, with triacylglycerol (TAG) being the major component (Mu & Høy, 2004). Pancreatic lipase has become a valid target in the treatment of obesity with the development of Tetrahydrolipstatin (orlistatÒ) (Drent & Vanderveen, 1993). Orlistat inhibits pancreatic lipase by covalently modifying the active site, reducing the hydrolysis of TAG (Borgstrom, 1988; Hadvary, Lengsfeld, & Wolfer, 1988). In the UK, 98% of all prescriptions for the treatment of obesity in 2010 were for orlistat, the remaining 2% was for Sibutramine (withdrawn 2010) (The NHS Information Centre, 2012). Gastrointestinal side effects associated with orlistat treatment can often cause problems with patient compliance to the treatment regime, with below 50% compliance, even with pharmacist intervention (Gursoy, Erdogan, Cin, Cesur, & Baskal, 2006; Malone & Alger-Mayer, 2003). The gastrointestinal side effects of orlistat may be reduced if taken concomitantly with nat-
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