Abstract

A variable coefficient, perturbed Korteweg-de Vries equation is considered, whose coefficients are slowly-varying in time, and for which the perturbation term represents various forms of dissipation. We construct asymptotic solutions for modulated periodic wavetrains using a multiple-scale expansion. The modulations are described by a nonlinear, non-homogeneous system of first-order partial differential equations for the parameters of the wavetrain that describes an extension to Whitham's modulation theory. We deal specifically with three forms of frictional terms representing (a) linear damping, (b) KdV-Burgers damping, and (c) boundary-layer damping. The initial condition is a step discontinuity which evolves into a disturbance resembling an undular bore. Then, in particular, we use this modulation theory to study the behaviour at and near the front and rear of the bore.

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