The modulation of NMDA receptors and L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway is implicated in the anti-immobility effect of creatine in the tail suspension test.

Abstract

The modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway is a therapeutic strategy for treating depression and neurologic disorders that involves excitotoxicity. Literature data have reported that creatine exhibits antidepressant and neuroprotective effects, but the implication of NMDAR and L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in these effects is not established. This study evaluated the influence of pharmacological agents that modulate NMDAR/L-arginine-NO pathway in the anti-immobility effect of creatine in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. The NOx levels and cellular viability in hippocampal and cerebrocortical slices of creatine-treated mice were also evaluated. The anti-immobility effect of creatine (10mg/kg, po) in the TST was abolished by NMDA (0.1pmol/mouse, icv), D-serine (30µg/mouse, icv, glycine-site NMDAR agonist), arcaine (1mg/kg, ip, polyamine site NMDAR antagonist), L-arginine (750mg/kg, ip, NO precursor), SNAP (25μg/mouse, icv, NO donor), L-NAME (175mg/kg, ip, non-selective NOS inhibitor) or 7-nitroindazole (50mg/kg, ip, neuronal NOS inhibitor), but not by DNQX (2.5µg/mouse, icv, AMPA receptor antagonist). The combined administration of sub-effective doses of creatine (0.01mg/kg, po) and NMDAR antagonists MK-801 (0.001mg/kg, po) or ketamine (0.1mg/kg, ip) reduced immobility time in the TST. Creatine (10mg/kg, po) increased cellular viability in hippocampal and cerebrocortical slices and enhanced hippocampal and cerebrocortical NO x levels, an effect potentiated by L-arginine or SNAP and abolished by 7-nitroindazole or L-NAME. In conclusion, the anti-immobility effect of creatine in the TST involves NMDAR inhibition and enhancement of NO levels accompanied by an increase in neural viability.