The modified 5-item frailty index as a predictor of complications in burn patients

Abstract

The modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5), as a measure of frailty and biological age, has been shown to be a reliable predictor of complications and mortality in a variety of surgical specialties. However, its role in burn care remains to be fully elucidated. We, therefore, correlated frailty with in-hospital mortality and complications after burn injury. The medical charts of all burn patients admitted between 2007 and 2020 who had ≥ 10 % of their total body surface area affected were retrospectively reviewed. Data on clinical, demographic, and outcome parameters were collected and evaluated, and mFI-5 was calculated on the basis of the data obtained. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate the association between mFI-5 and medical complications and in-hospital mortality. A total of 617 burn patients were included in this study. Increasing mFI-5 scores were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality (p < 0.0001), myocardial infarction (p=0.03), sepsis (p=0.005), urinary tract infections (p=0.006), and perioperative blood transfusions (p=0.0004). They were also associated with an increase in the length of hospital stay and the number of surgical procedures, albeit without statistical significance. An mFI-5 score of ≥ 2 was a significant predictor of sepsis (odds ratio [OR]=2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 to 3.95; p=0.04), urinary tract infection (OR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.47 to 5.19; p=0.002), and perioperative blood transfusions (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.61 to 4.25; p=0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an mFI-5 score of ≥ 2 was not an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality (OR=1.44; 95% CI: 0.61 to 3.37; p=0.40). mFI-5 is a significant risk factor for only a few select complications in the burn population. It is not a reliable predictor of in-hospital mortality. Therefore, its utility as a risk stratification tool in the burn unit may be limited.