The Modification and Psychometric Test of Anemia Complication Prevention Instruments Based on The Health Belief Model

Abstract

The high maternal mortality rate in middle-income countries is mostly caused by pregnancy complications, one of which is anemia in pregnancy. Behavioral instruments that use the health belief model are osteoporosis prevention, oral hygiene in pregnant women, and disaster preparedness. This instrument needs to be developed because based on previous literature searches it has not shown how the health belief model concept can be used to help pregnant women prevent anemia complications. This research aims to test the construct validity and reliability of the modified questionnaire for preventing anemia complications based on the health belief model. An internal validity test was conducted in Yogyakarta. Five specialists from different health fields - nurses, midwives, nutritionists, health promotion experts, and medical doctors- participated in the study. Some of the things that were done were as follows: 1) defining appropriate concepts and objectives; 2) defining and identifying domains; and 3) defining and creating items. 4) creating the measuring instrument, 5) finalizing the translation with the help of two native English speakers 7) preparing the test instrument for the content validity test, 6) running the validity test with five medical professionals, 7) Applying the Index of Content Validity (I-CVI) to the analyses. 8) Using Cronbach's alpha to conduct a reliability test on thirty pregnant women. The content validity index of the crucial indicator of behavioral prevention of consequences from anemia is one, and the relevance indicator also returns one, resulting in a total score of 0.99. Expert agreement in English has a kappa value of 0.442. Results of reliability using Cronbach's alpha of 0.807. The instrument for preventing anemia issues in pregnant women is valid and reliable, according to the study's findings.