Abstract
There has been sufficient evidence for the relationship between lifestyle and insomnia in the general population, but for individuals who already suffer from insomnia, it is not clear whether a healthy lifestyle can also pose similar benefits. The present study investigated the roles of different aspects of lifestyle in the development of individual insomnia by tracking insomnia symptoms of college students during the COVID-19 lock-down. Two surveys were conducted on 65,200 college students in the process of home isolation in Guangdong Province of China, at the pandemic outbreak period (T1) and the initial remission period (T2), respectively. Given the objectives of the present study, a total of 1,702 college students with clinical insomnia from T1 were selected as subjects. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using the Youth Self Rating Insomnia Scale (YSIS), while demographic information, epidemic exposure, and lifestyle were all measured by self-developed questionnaire, through network survey. The 1,702 college students (mean age ± standard deviation, 20.06 ± 1.46, range 16–25; 71.9% females) with insomnia symptoms were divided into three trajectory groups: recovery group, remission group, and chronic insomnia group according to their insomnia scores in T2 phase. The results showed that there was no significant difference in demographic backgrounds or epidemic exposure among the three groups, however, there were significant differences in food intake, exercise, and Internet use. The regression results further showed that both the recovery group and the remission group adopted more regular food intake than the chronic group. The recovery group exhibited better daily exercise habits than both the remission group and the chronic group. The duration of Internet use was significantly shorter for the recovery group than for the chronic group. These findings indicate a strong relationship between the lifestyle and the recovery of insomnia for college students isolated at home during the epidemic period. Significance of the different aspects of lifestyle on the recovery of insomnia are discussed.
Highlights
Previous studies indicated that college students were prone to sleep disruption [1–5]
The incidence of insomnia symptoms in college students isolated at home was 8.6%, and the incidence of clinical insomnia reached 2.6%
Two months after the outbreak of the pandemic, it was found that the statuses of college students who had clinical insomnia varied: some fully recovered and no longer had insomnia, some showed reduction in symptoms back to mild insomnia, and nearly a half continued to suffer from probable clinical insomnia
Summary
Previous studies indicated that college students were prone to sleep disruption [1–5]. A meta-analysis among college students reported the pooled mean prevalence of insomnia of 18.5% (9.4– 38.2%) [6], which was higher than that in general population in Italy (7.4%) [7], as well as that among the general population in China (9.2%) [8]. A recent study on Norwegian college students found a substantial increase in sleep problems from 2010 (22.6%) to 2018 (30.5%) [5]. Insomnia exerts non-negligible adverse effects on individual’s daily life. It is reported that insomnia impairs physical and mental functions and reduces work productivity, but could cause mental problems, such as anxiety and depression, and even suicide [9–15]. The primary aim of the present study was to find the factors associated with the recovery from insomnia in college students
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