Abstract
변혁적 리더십은 추종자의 욕구를 충족시키는 주요 영향력 원인으로 작용하지만, 조직구성원의 욕구와 직무수행을 조절하는 상황요인으로 접근은 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자율성 욕구와 유능성 욕구의 역할 내 행동, 관계성 욕구의 역할 외 행동에 대한 영향력을 검증하고, 양자 관계에서 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과를 판명하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 울산지역에 소재하는 중소기업 종사자로 설정하여 221명으로부터 취득한 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과, 자율성과 유능성 욕구의 역할 내 행동, 관계성 욕구의 역할 외 행동에 대한 긍정적 영향력이 확인되었고, 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과는 자율성 욕구와 역할 내 행동의 경로에서 강화효과와 관계성 욕구와 역할 외 행동의 경로에서 완충효과가 확인되었다. 본 연구의 이러한 결과는 조직구성원의 기본심리욕구와 수행의 관계에 있어 변혁적 리더십의 역할을 실증적으로 규명한 것으로 기본심리욕구와 변혁적 리더십 후속 연구를 위한 실무적 및 이론적 시사점을 제공하고 있다.Leadership is a main cause to satisfy followers needs, however, in the current paper, the role of leadership is considered a situation factor to enhance the impact of basic psychological needs to job performance. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to test both effects of need for autonomy and competence to in-role behavior, and impact of need for relatedness to extra-role behavior. In addition, moderating effects of transformational leadership in all paths were demonstrated. The research target was employees who have worked at small & middle size companies located in Ulsan, total 221 data was applied in analysis. In the results, both needs, autonomy and competence, were positively associated with in-role behavior and the impact of need for relatedness was adopted. In the moderation, transformational leadership moderated the paths between need for autonomy and in-role behavior, and between need for relatedness and extra-role behavior. However, the types of moderation was different, as a result, the relationship between need for autonomy and in-role behavior was supported. This results represent that the role of leadership as enhancer between needs and job performance empirically and provides practical and theoretical implications in the range of basic psychological needs.
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