Abstract
China joined the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006; however, the overall Chinese smoking rate is still high. The aim of this study is to provide new evidence for the direct effects of community-level deprivation, and the effects of interactions between community-level deprivation and individual characteristics, on smoking intensity, by using cross-sectional data from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The results show that there is a strong association between community-level deprivation and individual smoking intensity, and that community deprivation moderates the relationship between individual perceived stress and smoking intensity. The findings imply that adequate interventions should be conducted in the context of deprived neighborhoods, and should consider differences between levels of individual perceived stress and between sexes, especially focusing on highly stressed women who live in deprived communities.
Highlights
IntroductionContext is a compound formation including individual resources and the combination of circumstances
People’s health-related behaviors depend on the context in which they live [1]
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the correlation among individual characteristics, community-level deprivation, and smoking behavior among Chinese adults using cross-level modeling
Summary
Context is a compound formation including individual resources and the combination of circumstances Within this perspective, influences on smoking behaviors may range from individual characteristics to the community context [2,3,4]. Previous studies showed that individuals who reside in deprived neighborhoods are more likely to begin smoking due to their disadvantaged neighborhood settings [7,8,9] These neighborhood settings include socially interactive, environmental, geographical, and institutional mechanisms that may influence smoking prevalence through behaviors rooted in neighborhood-level peer interaction, substandard physical features, inadequate basic resources, and organizational entities such as the density of tobacco retailers [10,11]. The community context can affect personal smoking behavior beyond the impact of individual characteristics [12]
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