Abstract
Abstract Within its Radiation Protection Research Programme, the Commission of the European Communities has embarked on a major project aiming at the development of an integrated and comprehensive real-time on-line decision support system (RODOS) for nuclear emergencies in Europe, applicable from the vicinity of the release and the early phase to far distant areas and the later stages of the accident. Since possible accidents may result not only in releases of radionuclides into the atmosphere but also into waterbodies, the direct inflow into, as well as the indirect radioactive contamination of, waterbodies has to be taken into account. For that purpose a model chain has been outlined covering the processes such as run-off of radionuclides from watersheds following deposition from the atmosphere, transport of radionuclides in large river systems (1-D) including exchange with sediments and the radionuclide behaviour in lakes (compartment or 2-D with respect to wind induced wave effects). Important exposure pathways which have to be taken into account are, e.g., consumption of fish, drinking water and external irradiation. The present version of the model chain has been applied for the river system Rhine and the lake IJsselmeer in The Netherlands. Based on first preliminary results, the advantages and the still open problems of the present approach will be discussed.
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