Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF), a typical neurotrophin, has been characterized by the regulation of neuronal cell differentiation and survival involved in learning and memory functions. NGF has a main role in neurite extension and synapse formation by activating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response-element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a mixture of Gotu Kola, Cnidium fruit, and Goji berry (KYJ) enhances memory function by inducing NGF-mediated actions both in vitro and in vivo. The KYJ combination increased NGF concentration and neurite length in C6 glioma and N2a neuronal cells, respectively. Additionally, we discovered memory-enhancing effects of KYJ through increased NGF-mediated synapse maturation, CREB phosphorylation, and cell differentiation in the mouse hippocampus. These findings suggest that this combination may be a potential nootropic cognitive enhancer via the induction of NGF and NGF-dependent activities.
Highlights
According to recent reports, the population of patients that suffer from dementia has gradually increased worldwide [1]
We aimed to investigate whether KYJ, the combination of three herbal extracts, could affect nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis and memory performance as a potential natural nootropic both in vitro and in vivo
We investigated whether KYJ induced NGF production
Summary
The population of patients that suffer from dementia has gradually increased worldwide [1]. The loss of memory and cognitive functions is one of the major symptoms of dementia, is a leading cause of death in people over the age of 65, and is caused by various factors including aging, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular damage [2]. The hippocampus is a critical brain region in memory function, and its shrinkage due to neuronal cell loss is a histological feature of patients with dementia [3]. The influence of nootropics, which are well-known compounds or herbal supplements that enhance mental performance, including memory function, has been widely studied in the search for brain-boosting agents or therapeutic candidates for memory impairment [6]. Chronic treatment with nootropics has been associated with significantly enhanced actions on memory function through the increase of NGF expression in the hippocampus [9]. A natural nootropic that is involved in NGF synthesis might be a potential cognitive enhancer
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
