The Mitochondrial Origins of the Hellenistic Individuals of Ayasuluk Hill

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to extract ancient DNA from the remains of three individuals from the 4th century BC in order to determine the haplogroups through a mitochondrial DNA study, thus providing information about Anatolian migrations in ancient times. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the study examined the remains of three bodies found at the bottom of the city walls from the archeological excavations between 2007-2008 and dated to the 4th century BC. After taking anthropometric measurements, the study examined the mitochondrial HVR1 and HVR2 regions by using Sanger sequencing and then used online programs to evaluate the data from the sequencing. Results: As a result of the study, death due to a possible injury from a sharp object was observed on the right femur of one of the three individuals. The maternal haplogroups of the individuals were determined to belong to the T2b group of European origin. Conclusion: The present study obtained genetic information regarding three individuals found at the bottom of the ancient city walls on Ayasuluk Hill. These results will provide important information about the commander of the ruins found on the walls of the Ayasuluk Hill of the ancient city of Ephesus, which constantly changed hands during the Wars of the Diadochi.