Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the snail Camaena cicatricosa (Müller, 1774) has been sequenced and annotated in this study. The entire circular genome is 13,843 bp in size and represents the first camaenid mt genome, with content of 31.9%A, 37.9%T, 13.5%C and 16.7%G. Gene content, codon usage and base organization show similarity to a great extent to the sequenced mt genome from Stylommatophora, whereas, gene order is different from them, especially the positions of tRNACys, tRNAPhe, COII, tRNAAsp, tRNAGly, tRNAHis and tRNATrp. All protein coding genes use standard initiation codons ATN except for COII with GTG as start signal. Conventional stop codons TAA and TAG have been assigned to all protein coding genes. All tRNA genes possess the typical clover leaf structure, but the TψC arm of tRNAAsp and dihydrouridine arm of tRNASer(AGN) only form a simple loop. Shorter intergenic spacers have been found in this mt genome. Phylogenetic study based on protein coding genes shows close relationship of Camaenidae and Bradybaenidae. The presented phylogeny is consistent with the monophyly of Stylommatophora.
Highlights
The mitochondrial genome of metazoa usually comprise 37 genes, including 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) (COI−COIII, Cytb, ND1−ND6, ND4L, ATP6 and ATP8), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes (Boore 1999)
The mt genome is characterized by small size (13−36 kb), maternal inheritance, lack of recombination, conserved genomic organization and rapid evolutionary rate compared with the nuclear genome (Avise 1994)
The entire genome was successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in overlapping fragments with four pairs of mitochondrial universal primers from previous works (Palumbi et al 1991; Folmer et al 1994; Merritt et al 1998; Hugall et al 2002), and four pairs of perfectly matched specific primers designed from sequenced short fragments in this study (Table 1)
Summary
The mitochondrial (mt) genome of metazoa usually comprise 37 genes, including 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) (COI−COIII, Cytb, ND1−ND6, ND4L, ATP6 and ATP8), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (Boore 1999). The mt genome of land snail is similar to other invertebrates in containing 37 genes. The mitochondrial genome of the land snail Camaena cicatricosa (Müller, 1774)...
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