Abstract
ObjectivesThe objective of this report was to provide a review of the minipig intraoral dental implant model including a meta-analysis to estimate osseointegration and crestal bone remodeling.MethodsA systematic review including PubMed and EMBASE databases through June 2021 was conducted. Two independent examiners screened titles/abstracts and selected full-text articles. Studies evaluating titanium dental implant osseointegration in native alveolar bone were included. A quality assessment of reporting was performed. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were produced for bone-implant contact (BIC), first BIC, and crestal bone level.Results125 out of 249 full-text articles were reviewed, 55 original studies were included. Quality of reporting was generally low, omissions included animal characteristics, examiner masking/calibration, and sample size calculation. The typical minipig model protocol included surgical extraction of the mandibular premolars and first molar, 12±4 wks post-extraction healing, placement of three narrow regular length dental implants per jaw quadrant, submerged implant healing and 8 wks of osseointegration. Approximately 90% of studies reported undecalcified incandescent light microscopy histometrics. Overall, mean BIC was 59.88% (95%CI: 57.43–62.33). BIC increased significantly over time (p<0.001): 40.93 (95%CI: 34.95–46.90) at 2 wks, 58.37% (95%CI: 54.38–62.36) at 4 wks, and 66.33% (95%CI: 63.45–69.21) beyond 4 wks. Variability among studies was mainly explained by differences in observation interval post-extraction and post-implant placement, and implant surface. Heterogeneity was high for all studies (I2 > 90%, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe minipig intraoral dental implant model appears to effectively demonstrate osseointegration and alveolar bone remodeling similar to that observed in humans and canine models.
Highlights
bone-implant contact (BIC) increased significantly over time (p
Variability among studies was mainly explained by differences in observation interval post-extraction and post-implant placement, and implant surface
The minipig intraoral dental implant model appears to effectively demonstrate osseointegration and alveolar bone remodeling similar to that observed in humans and canine models
Summary
Per-Ingvar Brånemark studying micro-circulation using a rodent model fortuitously discovered that devices made from titanium while biocompatible formed an intimate relationship with adjoining bone [1]. This initial discovery was confirmed in humans and every year millions of patients benefit from titanium dental implant-anchored prosthetic rehabilitations. Thousands of animal studies have been published reporting on novel implant technologies, surgical techniques, and alveolar bone augmentation strategies. The use of rodent models and extra-oral sites in large animal models provide insights into the biology of osseointegration and represent useful screening tools of new designs and technologies; they fail to mimic the complexity of the oral environment and uniqueness of the alveolar bone. Large animal intraoral models allow the use of clinically relevant dental implants and prosthetic components
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