The minimal polynomial of 2 cos(π/q) and Dickson polynomials

Abstract

The number λq=2cos(π/q),q∈N,q⩾3, appears in the study of Hecke groups which are Fuchsian groups, and in the study of regular polyhedra. There are many partial results about the minimal polynomial of this algebraic number. Here we obtain the general formula and it is Möbius inversion for this minimal polynomial by means of the Dickson polynomials and the Möbius inversion theory. Moreover, we investigate the homogeneous cyclotomic, Chebychev and Dickson polynomials in two variables and we show that our main results in one variable case nicely extend to this situation. In this paper, the deep results concerning these polynomials are proved by elementary arguments.