THE MILK CATTLE BREDS’ SELECTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Abstract

Research on the breeds’ composition placement and these ratio across the Russian regions in dynamics allow to identify the fundamental positions of dairy and dairymeat breeds’ rational zoning underlying. The most breeds for selection in various climatic zones are good adapted; for example, Holstein, Simmental and Black-and-white breeds of cattle in all federal districts are located. In turn, Ayrshire, Brown Schwyz, Red steppe, Red-and-white, Kholmogorskaya and Yaroslavlskaya breeds traditionally in areas with continental climate from moderate to sharply are bred. In oil production areas, those breeds that the greatest total milk fat and protein’s yield during the milk production period providing the most widespread they are used. High production breeds with low milk output for the best quality cheese production in the cheesemaking zones are located. Simmental and Brown Schwyz cattle mainly in areas with dairy and beef cattle selecting are bred, where animals at significant amount of coarse feed are fed. The Red steppe, Black-and-white and Kostromskaya breeds for areas with intensive forage production and dairy cattle keeping are most suitable. In grain areas with a land’s high intensive using, where arable land is over 60%, and natural forage lands are limited, cattle of the Simmental, Red steppe and Brown Schwyz breeds are concentrated. Black-mottled, Red-and-white breeds in areas where arable land have had 40-60% become more widespread. In areas with ploughed land up to 40% and significant areas of natural hayfields and pastures, Kholmogorskaya and Yaroslavskaya breeds are traditionally selected.