Abstract
Abstract A Lagrangian drop-growth trajectory model, applied within dual-Doppler-derived four-dimensional kinematic fields, is used to test the hypothesis that accretion of cloud water on giant and ultragiant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) can explain the growth of raindrops in warm maritime convective clouds. Radar data collected within offshore rainbands during the 1990 Hawaiian Rainband Project are used to provide realistic timescales and magnitudes of convective updrafts and to capture the horizontal flow variations responsible for transporting drops into and out of these updrafts. The range of conditions under which cloud droplets can grow to large raindrops during simple up–down trajectories is determined. The model results show that accretion of cloud water on giant and ultragiant nuclei can account for the formation of rain in observed timescales. Raindrops with diameters of 1–4 mm formed for the entire range of tested conditions. Maximum drop sizes ranged from 3.5 to 8.5 mm. The general tendency ...
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