Abstract
The introduction of next generation sequencing techniques has enabled the characterization of the urinary tract microbiome, which resulted in the rejection of the long-held notion of urinary bladder sterility. Since the discovery and confirmation of the human bladder microbiome, an increasing number of studies have defined this microbial community and understand better its relationship to urinary pathologies. The composition of microbial communities in the urinary tract is linked to a variety of urinary diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current information about the urinary microbiome and diseases as well as the development of novel treatment methods.
Highlights
The Human Microbiome Project has examined the makeup of bacterial communities in a variety of human body niches, including the mouth cavity, skin, gastrointestinal system, and vagina, as well as their function in health and illness [1,2]
This study suggests that acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) can be considered a transient infection produced by a single pathogenic organism, while dysbiosis seems to play a more significant role in the pathophysiology of recurrent cystitis (RC) [46,47]
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a puzzling urological disease characterized by bladder pain, frequency, and urgency of urination in the absence of a normal urinary tract infections (UTIs) [63]
Summary
The Human Microbiome Project has examined the makeup of bacterial communities in a variety of human body niches, including the mouth cavity, skin, gastrointestinal system, and vagina, as well as their function in health and illness [1,2]. Recent research has shifted its emphasis to defining the microbiome and its relationship to human health. The changes in the urinary microbiota have been linked to the development of a variety of urinary diseases. Understanding the human urinary microbial makeup and how it changes under pathological situations may facilitate the creation of novel preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic methods. The current level of knowledge about the urine microbiome is given in this review, with an emphasis on its relevance for health maintenance and its involvement in disease development
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