Abstract
Innovative technologies for food raw material processing and food production are becoming globally important within the framework of modern biotechnology. The need to create a universal methodology for food design and the importance of its implementation in different lines of human life activity are obvious. Within the paradigm of modern biotechnology, personalized diets that take into consideration the genetic characteristics of consumers are becoming more and more popular. Nutrition science deals with the development of this direction. It is divided into nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics investigates an effect of modifications in genes on absorption of metabolites, nutrigenomics investigates how food components affect the work of genes. In this work, we consider mutations that influence the assimilation of metabolites and contribute to nutrigenetic research. The work is aimed at finding and studying genes responsible for eating behavior. Methods of analysis of genetic polymorphisms and modern achievements of nutrigenetics in the development of personalized nutrition are considered. The review allowed us to find and describe the genes that influenced human eating behavior: the role of genes, their localization, polymorphisms affecting the metabolism of nutrients and food preferences are indicated. Thirty four genes that influence eating behavior were identified, and significant shortcomings of current methods / programs for developing personalized diets were indicated. Weaknesses in the development of nutrigenetics were identified (inconsistency of data on SNP genes, ignoring population genetics data, information that is hard for consumers to understand, etc.). Taking into consideration all shortcomings, an approximate model for selecting a personalized diet is proposed. In the future, it is planned to develop the proposed model for making up individual diets.
Highlights
Interrelation between nutrition and health is a сornerstone of human life
In the national research, the development of functional products is based on the principles of food combinatorics
The analyzed methods for formation of personalized diets have several weaknesses: some methods do not take into account genetic data; many diets are difficult regarding adherence, a consumer often quit a prescribed diet; the majority of available programs are not adapted to foreign users; open access information about a genetic predisposition is difficult for understanding and interpretation of results; population genetics is not taken into consideration in designing diets
Summary
Interrelation between nutrition and health is a сornerstone of human life. Nutrition is one of the most important factors of health support. Medical data indicate interrelation between nutrition and the most common noncommunicable diseases. At the current stage of the biotechnology development, nutrition science is the topical interdisciplinary research direction, and rapidly developing. With this approach, the gender, age, level of physical activity, presence of different chronic diseases and personal food preferences are taken into account. Tailored nutrition is aimed at prevention and treatment of different diseases, reduction of a negative effect of harmful environmental factors, support of healthy lifestyle. It is impossible to choose a diet without relying on achievements of modern genetics and nutrition science
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