Abstract
AbstractThis study provides a discussion about the contributions and efforts made by Ibn Khaldoun and Auguste Comte to develop sociology in terms of subject matter and methodology. Since they are the founding fathers of this science, this paper shows their interpretation of the social phenomena. The study is also exposed to the reasons that led Ibn Khaldoun and Auguste Comte to study sociology. Accordingly, the research peculiarity required using historical, comparative, and critical approaches.The central problem of this study is how Ibn Khaldoun and Auguste Comte deal with the development of sociology and its independence from other sciences. The study results showed the accordance of both Ibn Khaldoun and Auguste Comte in terms of the methodology of sociology as being a positive approach consisting of observation and induction. Ibn Khaldoun's distinction, due to his five-century precedence, is vivid though. The results of the study also showed that Ibn Khaldoun and Auguste Comte differed greatly in terms of the divisions of sociology (subject matter of sociology): where Ibn Khaldoun divided the subject of sociology into multiple sections, each section includes a set of homogeneous social phenomena in peculiarity. Ibn Khaldoun studied the phenomenon by mingling the static aspect and dynamic one together, analyzing its parts, elements, and functions and at the same time studying its development and the laws to which it is subject to development. However, Auguste Comte has divided the social phenomenon into two main parts: Social dynamics and social statics.
Highlights
Today, the human heritage is rich in an enormous volume of theoretical and practical studies and researches in human sciences in particular, in which sociology occupies a great place
Method of sociology of Ibn Khaldun: In his research, Ibn Khaldun relied on the observations of the social phenomena of the people whom he was allowed to be in touch with and live among
Previous analyses have shown the similarity between Ibn Khaldun and Comte
Summary
The human heritage is rich in an enormous volume of theoretical and practical studies and researches in human sciences in particular, in which sociology occupies a great place. The mechanism for the objective and systematic examination of scientific subjects requires addressing the most important scientific contributions and achievements made by scientists in this field. The development of any science usually needs significant efforts to determine the subject matter that science specializes in . Further efforts should be made to determine the approach to the study of the subject matter. Science is primarily built on the existence of these two pillars (subject matter and methodology). The more precisely and vividly the subject matter is determined, the more independent sociology will be from other sciences. The more precisely and vividly the subject matter is determined, the more independent sociology will be from other sciences. (Khamash, 2004)
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